Rancangan Smart Trolley Mandiri berbasis IoT dan Navigasi Otomatis dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Penempatan Kembali di Area Supermarket

Yoana Nabilah Putri; Epsilona Katiga Capricorna; Nur Ananda Rumi

doi:10.61132/merkurius.v3i4.954

Authors

Yoana Nabilah Putri Universitas Esa Unggul
Epsilona Katiga Capricorna Universitas Esa Unggul
Nur Ananda Rumi Universitas Esa Unggul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/merkurius.v3i4.954

Keywords:

Automatic Navigation, Internet of Things, Operational Efficiency, Smart Trolley, Supermarket

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT)-based digital transformation has become a major catalyst in improving the efficiency of operational systems in various sectors, including the modern retail industry. One of the common logistics problems found in supermarket environments is the accumulation of unorganized shopping trolleys, which can hinder service flow and increase staff workload. This study presents a design of an IoT-based autonomous smart trolley system and automatic navigation to address these problems in a structured manner. The system design utilizes the integration of ESP32 and Arduino UNO microcontrollers, ultrasonic sensors for distance detection, line sensors for automatic path navigation, and Raspberry Pi modules for visual image processing in location tracking. The system is designed to be able to independently reposition the trolley to a predetermined parking station. Conceptual analysis shows that this system has significant potential in reducing operational costs, increasing labor efficiency, and strengthening customer service automation. Initial evaluation of technical and economic feasibility aspects strengthens the opportunity for widespread system implementation in the future. This design is the first step in developing a smart retail solution based on adaptive technology that is in line with the principles of Society 5.0. Furthermore, the development of this smart trolley system also considers user safety and comfort through additional features such as anti-collision sensors, an early warning system in the event of technical problems, and a manual control option as an alternative in emergency situations. The integration of Internet of Things-based technology also enables real-time monitoring and management systems through a web-based dashboard or mobile application, which can be accessed by supermarket management for operational analysis. Thus, this system not only addresses internal logistics needs but also contributes to improving the overall customer experience.

References

Adeyanto, Z., Izzuddin, A., & Hikmah, N. (2020). Rancang bangun robot vacuum cleaner dengan menerapkan propositional logic untuk pengaturan navigasi. Jurnal Mnemonic, 3(2), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.36040/mnemonic.v3i2.2800

Anjani, I. A. S. S., Jasa, L., & Agung, I. G. A. R. (2020). Rancang bangun sistem minimarket otomatis berbasis IoT. Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro, 19(2), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.24843/MITE.2020.v19i02.P19

Ardi, A., Triyono, A., & Santosa, T. A. (2024). The influence of the Internet of Things in education: Meta analysis. 59–65.

Bello Salau, H., Onumanyi, A. J., Michael, D., Isa, R., Alenoghena, C. O., & Ohize, H. (2021). A new automated smart cart system for modern shopping centres. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 10(4), 2028–2036. https://doi.org/10.11591/EEI.V10I4.2762

Damayanti Simanjuntak, I., Sihotang, M. K., Marisa, M., Hafizhah, A., Marbun, M. I., & Aginta, G. (n.d.). Aspek teknis dan teknologi dalam studi kelayakan bisnis (Vol. 1).

Frano, F., Sekolah Savsavubun, Seminari Pineleng, & Ohoiwutun, B. (2023). Seri mitra refleksi ilmiah pastoral revolusi industri 4.0 menurut Klaus Schwab: Dampak dan tantangannya bagi kehidupan manusia dewasa ini (Vol. 2).

Gonzalez, T., De la Rubia, M. A., Hincz, K. P., Comas Lopez, M., Subirats, L., Fort, S., & Sacha, G. M. (2020). Influence of COVID 19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education. PLoS ONE, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239490

Hanafi, M., & Almasri. (2024). Design and implementation of an Arduino based Bluetooth controlled shopping trolley with ultrasonic sensor integration. Journal of Hypermedia & Technology Enhanced Learning, 2(3), 320–337. https://doi.org/10.58536/j hytel.v2i3.148

Hartanto, M. B., Putra, A. S., Fawa, T. M., & Fawaati, T. M. (2024). Analisis dampak implementasi Internet of Things (IoT) terhadap efisiensi operasional di industri manufaktur (Vol. 5).

Kasman, R. A., & Judijanto, L. (2024). Artificial intelligence in the classroom: Innovation or disruption in education (Vol. 4).

Nurhakim, L. (2025). Transforming children’s education with technology: The role of AI, IoT, and gamification in learning (Vol. 3).

Ofer, D., Kaufman, H., & Linial, M. (2024). What’s next? Forecasting scientific research trends. Heliyon, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23781

Pengetahuan, J. I., Putri, A. C., Nasihin, M., & [Penulis Korenspondensi]. (2025). Peran Internet of Things (IoT) dalam mengoptimalkan rantai pasok e commerce: Systematic Literature Review. SCIENCE TECH. https://doi.org/10.30738/st

Raath, N., & Hughes, D. J. (2025). The environmental impact of collecting and processing abandoned shopping trolleys in the UK. Sustainability, 17(6), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062692

Rasyid, R. E., Aisa, S., & Rizal, A. (2024). Global trends and contributions of Internet of Things (IoT) research in education: A bibliometric analysis. Mimbar Ilmu, 29(3), 500–506. https://doi.org/10.23887/mi.v29i3.89589

Swetha, K. B., Abhishek, G., Ruthvik, T., Meghana, B. N., & Naresh, N. R. G. (2021). Design and implementation of IoT based smart shopping dash cart. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences (July 2021), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2021.v05i04.002

Tubis, A. A., & Rohman, J. (2023). Intelligent warehouse in Industry 4.0—Systematic literature review. Sensors, 23(8).

Venkata Sai Prasad, K., Karthik, K., Charan Kumar, O., Prathiksha, B. S., & Salimath, K. (2023). Smart shopping trolley with automated billing. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1295(1), 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1295/1/012008

Wan Jusoh, W. N. A. S., Abdul Jobar, N., & Md Yusoff, M. Z. N. (2024). Research trends and patterns of language education in writing (2014–2023): A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i1/20483

Yusuf, F. A. (2025). Trends, opportunities, and challenges of artificial intelligence in elementary education: A systematic literature review. Journal of Integrated Elementary Education, 5(1), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.21580/jieed.v5i1.25594

Zulfiani, Z., Suwarna, I. P., El Islami, R. A. Z., & Sari, I. J. (2025). Trends in SAMR research in teaching and learning from 2019 to 2024: A systematic review. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 12(4), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2025.04.012